ʻO ka weheweheʻana i nā mea kanuʻoʻAmelika
ʻO nā mea kanu i ka'āinaʻoʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa, e aloha paha i nā vinespeka a iʻole e inaina iā lākou. Hiki i nā mea kanu lāpuni ke pepehi i nā lāʻau a he paʻakikī e pale aku i kāu'āina. Akā, i ka wā o ka hāʻuleʻana, hiki i nā māla ke kau i kekahi mau mea kanu'ē aʻe he hiki ke lanakila, e like me kaʻeha o kaʻili melemele hohonu o kā lākou hua e hōʻike ai i kahi meaʻalani ma loko. A iʻole e hoʻopauʻia e ka pi, e uhi ka lau o ka lāʻau i kona mau mea ma ka nani melemele.
No ka uluʻana i nā māla waina maikaʻi aʻaʻole paha e ulu iā lākou:ʻoiaʻiʻo no ka hoʻoponopono'āina.
Akā,ʻo ka mea kanu hea kā mākou e kamaʻilio nei? Elua mau wainaʻeleʻele me nā hua melemele a me nāʻalani i kapaʻia he "bittersweet." Ua nānā like lākou. ʻO kekahi, heʻona waina ponoʻole i AmerikaʻAmelika me ka momona momona,ʻo iaʻo Celastrus scandens , i kapaʻiaʻo "American Bittersweet" mea kanu aʻole "mea hoʻopunipuni wahaheʻe." ʻO kekahi,ʻo kahi kumu waina iʻoi aku ma waena o nā mea kanu nui loa a me nā kumulāʻau o ka'ākau oʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia,ʻo iaʻo Celastrus orbiculatus , aiʻole "nā kumu lāʻau maikaʻi". ʻO kekahiʻano e wehewehe ai i nāʻanoʻAmelika a me nāʻano āpau o kaʻikeʻana i ka wahi o kā lākou hua:ʻo nā hua kanu o nā mea kanu kanuʻAmelika eʻike waleʻia ma ke kumu o nā māla waina wale nō, akā e ulu ana nāʻano o ka lāʻau i ka waina.
Akā,ʻo kaʻoihana nui ma waena o nā meaʻelua e pili ana i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka nohona.
No ka mea, i ka manawa e manaʻoʻia nā lāʻauʻona e hoʻopukaʻia i ka hopena i ka hopena o nā mea he nui, ua ulu ka mea kanu maʻamau i kekahi mauʻano i kēia manawa heʻano palekana. ʻO ia kaʻano o ka'alikai e weliweli e pepehi i kāu mau lāʻau; ʻoiaiʻo nā mea kanuʻonikaʻAmelika e hoʻokūkūʻia.
Wahi a ka USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, ua ulu nā mea kanu'alamelika i ka piko a me ka hikina oʻAmelika, koe wale nō ma Florida. I kēia manawa, e like me ka US National Park Service, nā lālāʻona o ka hikina o ka'āinaʻo'Asia hikina; ua hoʻokomoʻia lākou i ka US i nā makahiki 1860. ʻO ka hōʻikeʻana i ka hoʻolahaʻiaʻana o nāʻano o ka oriental i ka US,'ōleloʻia ka Park Service e hiki mai ana "mai New York a North Carolina, a ma ke komohana o Illinois."
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua pālahalaha maikaʻi loa nā lāʻauʻona maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaka ana e hoʻokahuli i ko lākou lāhui pono'ī, e like me ka Conservation New England, ka mea e papa inoa ana i kekahi mauʻano o ka'ahamera ma ka helu no ke kumu o ka hakakāʻana i kona pilikino oʻAmelika:
- Heʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i nā manu (aʻo ia hoʻi, e lūlū i nāʻanoʻano ma hope o kaʻaiʻana i nā hua), no ka mea, heʻanoʻulaʻula keʻano o kona mau hua (ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi mau hua)
- ʻO nā hua kanu e ulu ana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke kiʻiʻana
Hoʻopukaʻia kaʻano o nā mea kanu likeʻole e like me keʻano o ka hoʻohālike. ʻO ka uluʻana o kahi hua liʻiliʻi ma ka lepo ma ke kumu o kahi lāʻau, he meaʻole ia. Akā naʻe,ʻaʻole e lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lālā maikaʻi o ka lālani lāʻau e hoʻopuka ai i ka lei kala o ka lāʻau,ʻo ka beanstalk a la Jack i kaulana i ka lono.
He mea paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i kahi kumu waina e pepehi ana i kahi lāʻau, akā, ua pepehi nā lāʻau wīwī ma waena o ka lāʻau i ka nui. Hiki ke hiki i kaʻehā iniha ma ke anawaena, nā lālā lāʻau maikaʻi loa i hoʻopiliʻia e pili ana i nā mea iʻumiʻia i nā mea iʻumiʻia, ma keʻano i kapaʻia he kāʻei e nā mea hana .
I ka wāʻaʻole lākou eʻoki wale i kahi mea kanu, ua uhi lākou i keʻano o ke kukui o ka lā e pono ai ke kiʻi pono. Ke hōʻikeʻo New Conservation New England, i keʻano o nā kumulāʻau liʻiliʻi, hiki i ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana ke ulu, no ka mea, hikiʻole i nā kumu kumu lāʻau ke paio me ka nui nui o nā kumu waina i kālaiʻia.
Akā, e noʻonoʻo paha pahaʻoe i kēia wahi, "Inā'ōleloʻiaʻo ka mea kanuʻonikaʻAmelika e like me nā mea 'hoʻopunipuni hoʻopunipuni', 'aia i laila he meaʻonoʻono?" ʻO ka paneʻo kaʻoe, akā,ʻaʻole i hōʻikeʻia ka bittersweet pono e kaʻano o ka oriental, inā.
No ke kūkākūkāʻana i ka mea kanu i kapa ponoʻiaʻo "Bittersweet," pono mākou e hoʻokomo i kahi hua kanuʻekolu i loko o nā hua'ōlelo. No ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo ka "bittersweet" he mea kanu iʻikeʻia ma waena o nā kumu waina maikaʻi loa a me ko lākou mau'anaka'āinana i North America. Aʻoiaiʻoiai he mau meaʻona kona mau hua,ʻo ka meaʻono pono'ī, e like me kā mākou eʻike nei i kaʻAoʻao 2, ua hoʻohanaʻia e ka herbalists i lāʻau lapaʻau ...
He aha ka inoa? Ua nīnauʻo Shakespeare i ka nīnau e pili ana i ka rose. Akā naʻe,ʻaʻole i like me ka rose, ua loaʻa i ka bittersweet kona inoa. He mea hoʻowalewale e noʻonoʻoʻia ka inoa i loaʻa mai kaʻano lua o ke kumu waina i kūkākūkāʻia ma ka Page 1:ʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo he mea luku ia (i ka hihiaʻo Celastrus orbiculatus , ʻaʻoleʻo Celastrus ), akā maikaʻi loa. Akā, no ka mea, he mea paʻakikī ka weheweheʻana. A ma mua o ka ho'ākākaʻana i ka inoa o ka inoa, pono e hoʻokomo i kekahiʻano'ē aʻe i loko o kēia "Comedy of Errors", he mea kanu i loko o kaʻohana nightshade nui - bitshared nightshade ( Solanum dulcamara ).
Ināʻaʻole iʻikeʻia kekahiʻano o nāʻano bittersweet vine ma ka hikina a me ke kikowaena US,ʻo ia ka "meaʻono" pono, a lailaʻo ka mea kanu ke kūpono i kēlā inoa? ʻO ka pane: kahi welaʻino i hoʻokomoʻia i loko o ka US maiʻEulopa mai, i kapaʻia "nightshade bittersweet" ( Solanum dulcamara ). ʻO nā hua nani o kēia mea kanu e ulu nei i kahi loli maikaʻi i ka wā e ulu ana. Ke hoʻomaka nei e like me keʻano'ōmaʻomaʻo, e hoʻololi mua lākou i ka'anu melemele, a laila i kaʻalani, a ma hope o kaʻelemakule i kaʻulaʻula. ʻO ka hanaʻana i kaʻoihana iʻoi aku ka nani o kaʻoiaʻiʻoʻaʻole hiki i nā hua a pau ke hōʻea i kēia mauʻanuʻu i ka manawa like. No laila,ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau kaʻikeʻana i kahi mea kanu lāʻau nighttime e hoʻopuka ana i nā hua o nāʻokoʻa likeʻoleʻekolu aʻehā paha (e nānā i ke kiʻi o ka poʻipoʻi bittersweet above).
ʻO ka hopena o kēia mau meaʻoiaʻiʻo loa he mea'awaʻaha (e like me kekahi mau hua lāʻauʻono'ē aʻe e hālāwai pinepine ai au ma New England, e like me ka lone).
ʻAʻoleʻaʻole wau e'ōlelo aku i ka mea novice ingest i nā hua'ōlelo'alehie wahaheʻe a iʻole nā huaʻala ma ka hikina. Ke'ōlelo nei i nā hua o Celastrus scandens , nā mea ma Moonshine Designs quip, "ʻAʻoleʻo ia iʻawaʻawa, e 'holoi lākou iāʻoe ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua.'" ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he kūpono ka kulekeleʻole eʻai i kekahi o nā mea kanu āu iʻikeʻole ai; inā makemakeʻoe e lilo i'Ekona Gibbons e hiki mai ana, e aʻo mua e like me ka mea a nā poʻe akamai i'ōlelo ai no ia mea (ʻaʻole wau he akamai i kēia wahi).
ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ua hoʻohana pūʻia nā bothstrus a me ka nightshade bittersweet ( Solanum dulcamara ) no nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ka herbalists ma ka US i ke kenekuliaʻumikumamāiwa. I ka hihia o Celastrus scandens , ua hōʻiliʻiliʻia ke kolo e ka herbalists; ʻOiaiʻo ia nā lālā o ka pō pōʻai bittersweet i waiwaiʻia. ʻO ka Dispensatory American (1898) ka hōʻike i kahi o ka mea ulu e hoʻohana ana i ka pō pōloli bittersweet a me ka meaʻo Cestrus scandens , aiʻole nā mea hoʻopunipuni wahaheʻe, he diuretic (kahi mea e hoʻonui ai i ka holoʻana o ka mimi).
A me ka hua'ōlelo o ka inoa, "Bittersweet"? ʻO kaʻAhahuiʻAmelika o kaʻAmelika he mea kēia e pili ana i nā lālā o nightshade bittersweet: "ʻo ko lākou leʻaleʻa heʻawaʻawa, i ukaliʻia e kekahi meaʻono a me kahi pili pono." Hōʻikeʻia ka mea hoʻokahi e hōʻike ai i keʻano o ka hōʻehaʻia o nā mea a Cestrus me ka'onaʻona , e'ōlelo ana, "Heʻawaʻawa ke koko, a laila heʻono, heʻono keʻa."
No laila, inā heʻono nui ko lākou aʻelua, no ke aha i manaʻoʻia ai ka " blackweetweet " ( Solanum dulcamara ) he "bittersweet", ʻoiaiʻo Cestrus scandens e hoʻoponopono i nā "bittersweet"? I ka wā iʻikeʻia ai nā papahana lāʻau Pākehā i nā waiwai o Celastrus scandens , hiki paha i ka pōʻai bittersweet i'ōleloʻia e "bittersweet" (no ka mea he lāʻau Pākehā,ʻo nā Europa iʻike ia mea i ka lā ma mua).
No kēia cestrus orbiculatus , ma muli o ka hoʻohanaʻana o "Bittersweet" a me ka "bittersweet nūnē" i inoa no nā mea kanu'ē aʻe, ua hōʻoia ka hopena no ka inoa maʻamau e kapaʻia ma hope o kona wahi i hānau ai -ʻo ka Orient.
E hoʻomaopopo i ka inoa maʻamau a me ka inoa maʻamau i kekahi me kekahi ma keʻano o nightshade bittersweet ( Solanum dulcamara ),ʻaʻole ia he manawa maʻamau i ka nomenclature plant. ʻO Solanum ka māhele e hōʻike ana i "nightshade," aʻo dulcamara he hua mele o nā'ōlelo Lākelaniʻelua -ʻo ia hoʻi "nā meaʻono" a me nā "ʻawaʻawa". ʻO ka mea likeʻole ma waena o nā'ōleloʻelua,ʻo ia ke kauoha, no ka mea,ʻo ka Latin ka unuhiʻana i ka'ōlelo maoliʻo "nightshade sweet-bitter."
E like me kāu eʻike ai, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai kekahi e kamaʻilio e pili ana i "bittersweet,"ʻo ka kamaʻilioʻana he mea kānaluaʻole ia:ʻo ka inoa maʻamauʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi pono iāʻoe i kaʻike no ka kūkāʻana.
ʻO ka haunaele i hōʻikeʻia ma luna nei e hōʻike ana i kahi hōʻailona o ke kumu e hoʻohana ai mākou i nā inoa scientific o nā mea kanu .
He aha kāu pāʻani e pili ana i ka hoʻolālāʻana me Oriental bittersweet? He pest? A iʻole he nani loa paha ia e manaʻoʻia he meaʻino? ʻO kēlā a me kēiaʻano, no nā manu, e like me kā mākou eʻike ai ma Page 3 ....
Ua hele mai ka poʻe Birdwatchers e mahalo i nā hua bittersweet ma keʻano he meaʻai maʻamau no nā manu i ka hoʻoilo, e like me ka bluebirds. ʻO nāʻaoʻaoʻelua a me nā mea hoʻopunipuni wahaheʻe e like me ka sumac ma kēiaʻano. ʻO nā mea kanuʻekolu a he mea e pono ai ka hoʻouluʻana i ka bluebirds o ka hikina i kāu'āina no nā manu lele. Hāʻawiʻia ma kaʻuʻatikala i kaʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻohanaʻana o sumac , ka moʻaukala a me nāʻano.
ʻO nāʻoihanaʻoihana a me nāʻoihana'ōleʻa hoʻi i hāʻule i ke aloha me nā mea liʻiliʻi.
Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia i nā hua waina maikaʻi, i loko aʻo ia iho, i ka hanaʻana i ka wili haule. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokomo pinepineʻia nā hapa liʻiliʻi o nā kumu waina i hoʻokomoʻia me nā hua waina i loko o nā pahu i kākauʻia ma mua o nā mea'ē aʻe.
Eia naʻe, ke nānā pono nei nā luna o ka'āina ma ka US. Me nā lāʻau'ē aʻe'ē aʻe e like me ka purple purpleestrife a me ka Japanese knotweed,ʻO Eastal bittersweet vine kekahi o nā meaʻona weliweli iʻikeʻia e nā mea he nui i ka weliweli ākea. Hoʻomaʻiʻia nā lāʻau'iliane e Oriental i nā mea kanu maoli , a hoʻololi iā lākou me kahi lāʻau. ʻO ka hōʻahoʻana i ka pilikia,ʻo ia keʻano o nā mea me ka hopena o nā mea kanu aʻaʻoleʻole, nā kumu waina a bittersweet e mahalo nui i nā kānaka e hoʻokuʻu iā lākou e like me kahi pae'āina. Me he mea lā e kōkua ana nā lālā o ka Eastern Despexws i kekahi kōkua i ka hoʻolahaʻana!
ʻO ka pepehiʻana i ka Oriental Bitweetweet: Pehea e hoʻonele ai i kēia mea kanu kāwili
Akā, peheaʻoe inā e makemakeʻoe e mālama i kāu mau lāʻau me ka hoʻokuʻuʻana iā Oriental Bittersweet?
Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻopauʻana i nā vines. Hoʻohana pinepine au iā Roundup (glyphosate) e pepehi i ka mea kānalua . Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻopiʻi no ka pono o Ortho Brush-B-Gon, he'ōpū'ōpiopio. ʻO ka manawa kūpono loa e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka hoʻouka kauaʻana i ka wā e hoʻomau ana nā kumu waina i ka lepo aʻaʻole i loaʻa ka manawa e piʻi ai kāu mau lāʻau.
Eia keʻano e pono aiʻoe e hoʻohana i kēia mau herbicide ma ia mau hihia:
- E hoʻokuʻi iā lākou i ka wai i loko o ka mea palaka, e mālama pono i nā kuhikuhi laka
- Ke hala ka mea kanu, e hoʻohana i ka herbicide ma kekahi lā a me ka lā i ka mea kanu i luna
- Hoʻohana hou e like me ka mea e pono ai
He aha inā inā uaʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o Oriental Bitweetweet e hoʻohana?
ʻO nā kuhikuhi ma luna nei he mea pono ia inā i loaʻa iāʻoe ka pilikia ma ka manawa:ʻo ia hoʻi, ma mua o ka piʻiʻana o nā lāʻau i luna o kāu mau lāʻau (i kekahi kiʻekiʻe loa, ma lalo). Akā, pehea inā ua pau ka pilikia i waho o ka lima?
ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā mea a pau. Inā hiki i kaʻona waina ke komo i loko o nā pūkuniahi o nā kumulāʻau,ʻoi paha ka ulu o ke kumu waina. ʻO ia ka'ōleloʻino. ʻO kaʻeuanelio,ʻo ka mea kanu i nā mea kanu e ulu ana i loko o ke kāpili e hilinaʻi ia i kēlā pahu:ʻo kona lako wai ka mea e hele mai mai ke aʻa mai lalo, ma luna o ke kumu, a ma laila aku a hiki i ka ulu lāʻau. E hoʻokaʻawale i ka pilina ma kaʻokiʻana i ke kumu, aʻokiʻoki i kāna lako wai.
Akā, mai noho i laila. Ma hope koke iho o ke okiʻana i ke koʻokoʻo, e kau i kahi herbicide ma luna o ke poʻo o ke koʻokoʻo e koe. E hukiʻia i lalo i ke aʻa, e manaʻo e pepehi iā lākou.Hōʻuluʻulu
No ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, aia he 3 mau mea kanu ma ka hikina a me ke kikowaena o US i kapaʻia i kēia manawa:
- kikokikona wahaheʻe ( Celastrus scandens ):
- inā loaʻa iāʻoe nā mea hoʻopunipuni wahaheʻe i kāu'āina, ua pōmaikaʻiʻoe: he lālā lau nahele nui
- ʻaʻole ia he mea luku
- ʻaʻole hoʻi he mea kanuʻinoʻino.
- Hoʻoponopono Nānā ( Itastrus orbiculatus ):
- He mea hōʻeha a paʻakikī ka palekana o Oriental bittersweet, akā he nani, he mea make a he paʻakikī e hoʻopauʻia,ʻo ia kekahi o nā meaʻoi loa o nā mea ola kino o ka'ākau o North America.
- e like me ka Japanese knotweed , hoʻolaha i lalo ma o ka rhizomes
- No ka hanaʻana i ka pakuhi ( Solanum dulcamara ), ke kumuhana o Page 2:
- piliʻole i nā "bittersweets"'ē aʻeʻelua.
- maikaʻi ka pōpū
- i nā meaʻono pono'ī , i kohoʻia i mua o ka lua
Inā nā leʻaleʻa o Oriental bittersweet lureʻoe e ulu ana i kāu waiwai, e mālama i nā mea palekana i ka hoʻolahaʻana i kēia pūkoi ikaika loa. E mālama iā ia i kahi'āpana o kāu waiwai ma ka hoʻopauʻana i nā hōʻinoʻana ma kahi'ē aʻe.
Ma kahi eʻae aiʻoe e ulu, e kipa pinepineʻoe me kāu paila; me ka nānā pono, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokipa i nā meaʻala o ka Middle Orientweet, e kau ana i ke kūlana o ka ulu. A inā e aʻoʻoe iā ia e ulu i ka'ākau, e kūkulu i kahi kuala nui, a hoʻopaʻa i nā kumu waina i ka pā. Mai hōʻoluʻolu i ka Oriental bittersweet e ulu ma luna o kekahi kumu lāʻau kahi waiwai o kou ola.
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