Hiki i kaʻepekema ke hana i nā'āpana algal āpau - akā pehea?
ʻO ka'ōiwiʻana i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka honua āpau, aʻoiai uaʻike mākou i ke kumu,ʻaʻole nui ka hanaʻana e hoʻoholo ai. E hōʻoia i nā mea e pili ana i ka eutrophication a me ka ulu o ka algal.
He aha ka hoʻolālāʻana?
Ma ka'ōlelo maʻalahi,ʻo ka eutrophication he mālama kiʻekiʻe loa ia o nā meaʻai i loko o ke kino wai. ʻO kēia mau meaʻai -ʻo keʻano o ka hauʻona a me ka phosphorous - he meaʻai ia no nā mea olaola e like me ka algae, ka plankton, a me nā meaʻano'ē aʻe.
Hiki i ka hoʻonaniʻana ke hana i waho o ka wai; e like paha, hiki i nā lepo ke'elekepeka ke loaʻa iā lākou nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o kaʻaila nitrogen, phosphorous a mau meaʻai'ē aʻe.
Hoʻopuka pinepineʻia ka eutrophication i ka wā e piʻi aku ai ka ua i nā'āina mahi momona nui, nā papa kōlaula, nā pāʻani pāʻani a me nā lawn e komo i ke kahawai, lake, moana, aiʻole kekahi kino wai. He mea maʻalahi hoʻi ia i ka wā e komo ai ka mīkini, aiʻole ka hanaʻoleʻia paha, i loko o ke kino o ka wai, ai ka wā e puka mai ai ka wai kahe mai nā kahawaiʻehiku i loko o ke kahawai. ʻO kekahi o nā kumuʻoi loa o nā meaʻai,ʻo iaʻo CAFO, aiʻole nā hana hānai holoholona.
ʻO kēia mau kumu o ka lele waiwai waiwai nui he mea momona no nā mea kanu , akā i ka wā e komo ai kēia mau meaʻai i ka wai, hoʻolāʻau lākou i ka puulu lāhui ma waena o nā hua a me nā meaola'ē aʻe. ʻO ka hopena, he'ōpuʻu algal, e nānā ana i keʻano o kona leo - nā kahawai, nā loko, a me nā moana i maʻa mau i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana me ka'ōmole.
Hoʻoiho pinepineʻia kēia e like me ka loko o ka'alewai a iʻole ka hopena i kaʻikeʻana i loko o nā loko. Ke hanaʻia ka eutrophic i ke kai a piʻi ka heluna o kekahiʻano o nā dinoflagellates microscopic, hiki i ka wai ke hoʻololi i kaʻulaʻula, brown aiʻole ka'ōmaʻomaʻo - ua kapaʻia kēiaʻano he "ʻulaʻula."
ʻOiaiʻo ka hapanui o nā hihiaʻoi loa o ka eutrophication e hanaʻia e ka hana kanaka, kū i kekahi manawa ma keʻano maoli.
I ka wā e hoʻopau ai ka wai kahe i ka nui o nā meaʻai mai ka'āina aku i loko o ke kai, hiki i ka eutrophication ka hopena, akāʻoi keʻano pōkole.
ʻO nā hopena o ke kinoʻana a me nā hala kīnā
Ma waho o ka hanaʻino, i ka wā e ulu ai ka pua kala, he hopena ka hopena ma nā mea wai. No ka nui o nā poʻe o ka algae a me nā meaola'ē aʻe, ua nui ka poʻe i make, a hāʻule ko lākou kino i lalo o ke kai a me ke kai. I ka manawa ma mua, ua piha ka pae i kahi papa o nā mea ola a me nā decomposing.
ʻO nā lāʻau pale e hoʻohemo i kēia mauʻeha make e hoʻohana i ka oxygen i loko o ke kaʻina hana. ʻO ka hopena,ʻo ka hoʻopauʻiaʻana o ka oxygen i loko o ka wai, kahi kūlana i kapaʻiaʻo hypoxia. No ka meaʻo ka nui o nā iʻa, nā'ōpala, nā mollusks a me nā mea ola'ē aʻe e hilinaʻiʻia ma ka oxygen e like me nā holoholona o ka'āina,ʻo ka hopena hopena o ka eutrophication a me ka uluʻana o nā'āpana'āpana,ʻo ia ka hanaʻana i kahi kahi e olaʻole ai nā holoholona āpau - he wahi make.
ʻO nā hanana kūlana e hopena ana i ka eutrophication he ulu ulu nui kēia ma waena o ka honua: E like me kekahi mau kumu, 54 pakeneka o nā loko i loko o Asia e eutrophic; uaʻano like nā helu me nā loko i Europa,ʻoiai maʻAmelika Hema, kokoke i ka hapalua o nā loko i loaʻa i ka eutrophication.
ʻO kēia pohō o nā ola o ka wai e nui ka hopena i ka lawaiʻa a me kaʻoihana lawaiʻa.
Wahi a nā kānaka noiʻi i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻikeʻo Carlton i aʻoʻia i kahi'āpana make i ke kahawaiʻo Mexico,ʻo iaʻano wai puna nui no kaʻoihana mahiʻai.ʻO ka Gulf e hoʻolako ana i 72 pakeneka o ka'ōpala i hōʻiliʻiliʻia e US, 66% a he 16 pakeneka o nā iʻa kalepa. No laila, inā e hoʻomau ana paha ka'āpana hypoxic (zone dead) aʻoi paha, e nui loa ka hopena o nā mea lawaiʻa a me nāʻike'āina. "
ʻO ka hopena ma waho o kaʻoihana lawaiʻa, akā naʻe. ʻO ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa, he mea alakaʻi nui ia o kaʻoihana hoʻolālā pāʻoihana, ua pilikia hoʻi i ka loaʻaʻole o ka waiwai. A hiki i ke kanaka ke maʻi nui i kaʻaiʻana i nā iʻa a me nā mea iʻa'ē aʻe i haumia me kaʻulaʻula ulaʻula,ʻo ka dinoflagellate e hana ai i keʻulaʻula, e hiki ai i ka huhū maka, keʻili a me ka hoʻomahaʻole (hōʻo, ka hōʻokiʻana, a me ka'ōmole) i nā meaʻauʻau, nā moku moku a me nā mea noho o nā kahakai.
Pehea e hoʻomalu ai i ka'Eutrophication
Ua hoʻomakaʻia nā paepae no ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka hoʻolahaʻana o ke kai eutrophic: Ua lilo wikiwiki nā mea pale-phosphate i keʻano maʻamau, a ua hoʻohanaʻia ko lākou hoʻohana i ka holoʻana o nā meaʻai momona i nā kahawai a me nā loko.
ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka nui a me ka nui o nā manuawa, nā kahawai kai a me nā kahawai kai kūʻono e kōkua i ka mālamaʻana i ka wai o ka waiwai waiwai i loko o nā kahawai a me nā moana. Aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawelaweʻana i nāʻoihana e holoi ai a me nā kānāwai o ka hoʻoukaʻo septic i ke kahe o nā kumuʻai momona.
Aia kekahi manaʻo nui, akā naʻe, e hoʻomauʻia ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka koiʻana i ka huahana mahiʻai i ka hopena o ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o nā huaʻona phosphate- a me nā mea momona waiwai momona , ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka uluʻana o nā wahiʻeleʻele eutrophic. A hiki i ka wā e hoʻoponoponoʻia ai kēia pilikia, hiki i kēia mau wahi make ke ulu a ulu.