ʻO ka inoaʻo John James Audubon ke kama'āina i kēlā me kēia malihini, akā no ke aha? ʻO kaʻikeʻana e pili ana i ke ola a me ka waiwai o kēia kanaka e hiki iā ia ke kōkua i kēlā me kēia me kaʻike nui i ka nui o ka Audubon i ka hopena o ka hoʻololi i kēia lā.
Ka inoa : John James Audubon (Jean-Jacques Fougère Audubon)
Wahi :ʻApelila 26, 1785, Les Cayes, Haiti
ʻO ka make : Ianuali 27, 1851, New York, United States
ʻO John James Audubon
ʻO John James Audubon he keiki'ōlohelohe, i hānauʻia ma ke kanu kōʻana o kona makuakāne ma Haiti.
ʻO kona makuahine - ka haku wahine a kona makuakāne - i make i kona manawa he mau mahina wale nō. Ma kona wā'ōpiopio, he kipi kipi a he kipi koʻikoʻi ma nā koleka Kalipiano Kipia i kona makuakāne e hoʻi i Farani, a uluʻo Audubon kokoke i Nantes, ma ka muliwai Loire ma ke komohana o Farani. Ma keʻano he kamaliʻi, makemakeʻo Audubon i waho i waho,ʻo ia paha ka hahai holoholona, lawaiʻa, ka holoʻana, ka holoʻana, a iʻole paha, eʻoliʻoli ana i nā manu. Ua hoihoiʻo ia i nāʻoihana a me nā mele.
I ka makahiki 1803, ua neʻeʻo Audubon iʻAmelika Huipūʻia a'ākau i kona inoa, i liloʻo John James ma kahi o Jean-Jacques. Ua noho muaʻo ia ma Mill Grove, kahi haleʻo Audubon i Pennsylvania 20 mile mai Philadelphia, e aʻo ana e mālama i nāʻoihana mining ma ka waiwai. Ua hoʻomakaʻo ia e aʻo i nā manuʻAmelika, a ua ulu houʻo ia i kāna mau taleni ma kaʻoihana. Ua hui pūʻo ia me Lucy Bakewell, he wahine'ōpiopio mai kahi e pili kokoke ana i ka'āina.
I ka wā i liʻiliʻi ai ka waiwai o ka waiwai ma mua o ka manaʻo, ua neʻeʻo Audubon i Kentucky, a ua mare iā Lucy Bakewell i ka 1808. E loaʻa ana iā lāua heʻehā keiki -ʻelua mau kaikamāhine,ʻo Lucy lāuaʻo Rose, a heʻelua o lāua i make make loa - aʻelua keiki, Victor Gifford Audubon (1809-1860) a me John Woodhouse Audubon (1812-1862).
I ka halaʻana o ka wā hoʻomehana, ua liloʻo Audubon i mea hoʻokaʻina o nā kālai waʻa, e ho'āʻo ana i nā hana likeʻole e kākoʻo i konaʻohana. He kanaka pena kiʻi maikaʻiʻo ia, aʻo ia i nā papa hana a hoʻolimalima i nā makahiki he mau kalepa. Ua hoʻokumu nō hoʻiʻo ia i ka palaoa wili palaoa a hanaʻia i loko o ka penikala. I kēia manawa hele nuiʻo ia, hoʻolimalima manawa i Mississippi, Missouri, Alabama, Florida, Ohio a me Louisiana. Ua hana pinepineʻo ia me nā poʻeʻAmelika, a ua ulu nuiʻo ia i ko lākou mauʻike. Ma nā wahi a pau i hele aku aiʻo ia, ua hoʻomauʻo ia i ka aʻoʻana i nā manu, kuhikuhi iā lākou e aʻo hou aku i kā lākou hana.
I ka makahiki 1812, i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ke kaua me Beritania Nui, ua haʻaleleʻo Audubon i kona kūlana Pelekane a liloʻo ia i kama'āinaʻoʻAmelika Huipūʻia.
I ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā makahiki 1820, ua hoʻomakaʻo Audubon e kau nui ma luna o kāna pahuhopu pono'ī e pena i nā manu a pau maʻAmelika. Ua hele houʻo ia eʻimi i nā hōʻailona pilikino - nā manu āna iʻimi ai e aʻo i ka lima. Ua kau akuʻo ia i nā hōʻailona me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kaula e hoʻokuʻi iā lākou i kahi kūpono kūpono, ma muli o kāna mau māhele kula e nānā ai i ka neʻeʻana o nā manu a pau. I ka makahiki 1824, ho'āʻoʻo ia e kala i kāna hana -ʻo ia kāna i bapetizo ai i nā Birds o America - ma Philadelphia, akā me kaʻole o ka lanakila.
I ka makahiki 1826, ua holoʻo Audubon iʻEnelani e ho'āʻo hou e hoʻolaha hou, a ma hope o ka hoʻopukaʻana i kānaʻoihana i keʻano kūikawā, me ka poʻe kākau inoa e uku ana no nā kiʻi i ka pauʻana. Ma kēiaʻano, ua paʻiʻia nā 435 paʻi i hoʻonohonohoʻia i ka puke mua o nā Birds oʻAmelika ma nāʻano mai ka makahiki 1827 a hiki i 1838.
Ma nā makahiki 1830, ua hele mauʻo Audubon i waena oʻEnelani a meʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa, eʻimi mau ana i nā manawa e nānā ai i nā manu āna iʻikeʻole ai. I ka hoʻomauʻana o kāna hana i ka kaulana, ua hoʻonuiʻia kona kūlana a ua loaʻa iā ia nā hanohano. I ka makahiki 1839, ua kūʻaiʻo ia i hale kūʻai ma Manhattan, New York, a no lailaʻo ia i hele mau ai e hoʻolaha i nā hua'ōlelo hou o kāna hana,ʻo ia hoʻi ka manawa i hoʻokomo pinepineʻia ai nā papa houʻaʻole kahi o nā puke mua.
ʻOiai ua heleʻo Audubon i kaʻaoʻao komohanaʻAmelika a ua manaʻolanaʻo ia e kākau i nāʻano he nui o ke komohana,ʻaʻole i nele kona olakino.
I ka makahiki 1848, hoʻomakaʻo ia e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka dementia, ka mea paha iʻikeʻia he maʻi Alzheimer i kēia lā. Ma hope o kona makeʻana i 1851, kanuʻiaʻo ia ma kahi kokoke i kona home i Manhattan.
Nā haʻawina i ka Birding
I kona wā a pau,ʻo John James Audubon he mea hana kūʻokoʻa, he meaʻikeʻole a he mea pena kiʻi paha ia, aʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonuiʻia ka hāʻawiʻana i kāna mau waiwai i ka hoʻouluulu hou.
- Ua hoʻolālā nā manu oʻAmelika i nāʻoihana avian ,ʻoiaiʻo Audubon i hōʻike i nā manu ola ma nā mea kūpono, e hōʻike ana i nā posturesʻano likeʻole a me nā hana kūikawā a me nā kūlana o kahi noho e hoʻohanohano houʻia kēlāʻano kēiaʻano. ʻO nā mea maoli o kānaʻoihana i kāhea aku i nā manu lele a me nā manu manuʻole, a hoʻolaha i kaʻike no nā manuʻAmelika a pehea e hiki ai i nā manu hoʻokipa.
- Ma kāna mau huakaʻi hele a me nāʻike pilikino, uaʻikeʻo Audubon he 25 mau manu i hui muaʻoleʻia maʻAmelika Huipūʻia, a ua heluʻo ia i 12 mau mea iʻikeʻoleʻia.
- ʻO ka hoihoi pono o Audubon i ka'ōnaehana a me ke koʻi pūnaewele i alakaʻi iā ia i nā kaula a puni nā wāwae o ka phoebes hikina, kahi hōʻike i kākauʻia o nā pale manu iʻAmelika Hema. Uaʻikeʻo ia i ka hoʻiʻana o nā manu i kahi o nā āpau i kēlā me kēia puna.
- ʻOiai ua hoʻokumuʻiaʻo ia ma hope o kona makeʻana, ua kapaʻia ka National Audubon Society i kona hanohano. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻolahaʻana i ka hoʻomaluʻana o nā manu a me ko lākou mau noho, nā kumuhana a Audubon i'ōlelo ikaika ai i kāna mau kākau hope.
- Aia ma kahi o 30 mau wahi i kapaʻia ma ka hanohano o Audubon, me nā pāʻani, nā hale mālama a me nā keʻena kapu, a me nā kula, nā alanui a me nā alahaka. Kahi i ka United States a me Palani ke kau nei i kona inoa.
Nā Manu i kapaʻia Ma hope o John James Audubon
Ma muli o kona mana nui ma kaʻAmelika Hui Pūnaewele, ua kapa ponoʻia nā manu he nui loa ma hope o Audubon, ka hanohano kiʻekiʻe loa a nā mea iʻikeʻia a me ka mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai e hoʻomanaʻoʻia kona inoa.
- ʻO Audubon's Oriole ( Icterus graduacauda )
- ʻO ke kaiʻo Audubon ( Puffinus lherminieri )
- Kōkuaʻo Yellow-Rumped , Hoʻolaha Audubon ( Setiphaga coronata auduboni )
Kiʻi - Yellow-Rumped Warbler, Hoʻolahaʻo Audubon © Dan Pancamo