ʻO nā mea a pau e pili ana i nā maʻi maʻi

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ʻO nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka maʻi

ʻO nā kumu pilikia a pau e hiki i nā maʻi o ka'āina ke hiki ke hōʻeha. Hiki i ka mea kanu ke manaʻo e hana ana lākou i nā mea maikaʻi a pau, akā, ua maʻi, kūleʻa, a kokoke i ka make. ʻO nā maʻi o ka'āina e hanaʻia e nā meaʻanohu e ola a neʻe a puni i ka lepo. ʻAʻole hiki keʻikeʻia ka hapa nui e ka maka aʻikeʻoleʻia a hiki i ka maʻiʻana o ka lāʻau.

No nā maʻi e paʻa, pono e loaʻa nā mea he 3:

1. ʻO kahi maʻi maʻi (ka microorganism e hoʻonāʻia ai kēia maʻi)
2. ʻO kahi hui (kā mākou mau mea kanu)
3. ʻO nā kūlana pili kaiapuni.

I keʻano o nā maʻi o ka'āina, e hiki ke hoʻomau i nā pathogens i loko o ka lepo no ka wā lōʻihi, e kali ana i ka mea nāna e mālama -ʻo kā mākou mau mea kanu - e hele mai. Hiki ke hoʻohālike i nāʻano o ka nohona. Hoʻomaopopo kekahi mau pathogens i nā kūpilikiʻi kūpilikiʻi,ʻo kekahi e like me kekahi mau papa pH a me nā mea'ē aʻe e maʻaleʻa i ka ulu, ulu nui.

ʻOiai kekahi mau maʻi pilikino he mau pōlele wā liʻiliʻi, eʻike ana i ka wā pono o ka mea nāna i mālama a me nā kūlana, akā, aia kekahi ma ka lepo a hoʻomau no nā makahiki. Keʻikeʻoleʻia kā lākou punahele punahele, hiki iā lākou ke huli i kekahi. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka weheʻana i nā mea kanu lāʻau mai loko o kāu māla i ka hopena o ke kau.

He nui nā maʻi likeʻole e like me nā lālā melemele a me nā wahiʻeleʻele. He mea nui e ho'āʻo aʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka pilikino maoli, akāʻaʻoleʻikeʻia kēia mau mea me ka nuiʻole. Inā he pilikia lōʻihi kou, e kūpono i kou manawa e lawe i kahi hōʻailona i kāu hoʻopiliʻana .

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Nāʻano o nā Pathogens

Eia nāʻano maʻamau o nā pathogens:

• Nā haʻalulu - nāʻano maʻi likeʻole o ka'āina. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole kēlā me kēia haʻalulu ke kumu i nā pilikia o ka ulu aʻoiai ka hapa nuiʻole,ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma kahi o 8,000 mau haʻani. Aʻo nā mea kanu he mea hiki i kekahiʻano o ka haʻiki.
  • ʻO nā kumu pakiaka ke kumu e hoʻomaka ai ka palaho o ke kumu. Hoʻopuka nā pāpaʻi i nā aʻa o ka lāʻau a kāpae i ka mālamaʻana a me ke kahe o ka wai a me nā meaʻai ma loko o ka mea kanu. Hiki i nā hōʻailona ke hoʻokomo i ka wilting, yellowing, stunting, dieback a me ka hopena hope loa a hiki ke hoʻopilikiaʻia me nā pilikia'ē aʻe e like me ka lapalapa a me nā pilikiaʻole. ʻO kahi'ōleʻa pala pala maʻamau i loko: Cylindrocladium, Pythium, Phytophthora, a me Rhizoctonia.
  • Nā pākuʻu, nā pā, a me nā pāpale kala e hoʻopō i ka mea kanu ma ka papa honua. He like nā hōʻailona like i nā aʻa rots, akā mai ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka pihi ma luna o ka laina lepo, hiki ke maʻalahi keʻike koke. Nā pathogens maʻamau e nānā aku iā: Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, a me Sclerotium.
  • Nā maʻi wilt , e like me Fusarium oxysporum a me Verticillium spp. ke kumu o ka wilting o nā mea kanu, me ka nui o ka wai. Aia kekahi mau hōʻailona likeʻole.
  • Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi hōʻino i nā lālā'ōpiopio. Hiki ke hanaʻia e kahi lima lima o nā haʻiki, e like me Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia a me Sclerotium rolfsii. Hiki iā lākou ke kāpili i nā mea kanu i ka uluʻana ma muli o ka hopena, a ma hope koke paha, e make koke ai. ʻO kēia ke kumuʻaʻole i manaʻoʻia ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka lepo māla no ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka hua.
• ʻO ka mea kinoʻole -ʻaʻohe pathogens maʻamau (aʻo ka hapa nuiʻole e pili mau lōʻihi). ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona: Erwinia (palupalu palupalu), Rhizomonas (aʻa aʻa o letus) Streptomyces ('opi a kaʻuala,ʻeleʻele palupalu o nā uala )
• ʻO nā hōʻoia - heʻole, mahalo, a makemake nui i nāʻano ola ola ola e ola, akā hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka holo ma luna o nā haʻiki a me nā nematodes a kahe i ka wai. Ke komo ka huaʻokoʻa i kahi pūlaʻau kanu, hiki i ke kamepiula ke hoʻonui i nā pūnaewele maʻi. ʻO ka hopena neʻomaʻo necrotic virus e pili ana i nā lāʻau līpī Roma, e hana i ke kuʻi a me ka'ōhumuʻana a me kekahi manawa eʻimi i nā lau haʻahaʻa,ʻoiai e waiho ana nā lau hou me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo.
• Nematodes - i kekahi manawa i kapa 'ia he roundworms, neʻeneʻeʻole nā ​​nematodes worms me nā kino a me nā helu ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua. ʻO kekahi poʻe he parasitic, e like me nā nematodes i kūʻaiʻia e hānai i nā niho o ka laʻau. Aʻo kekahi e hānai ana a i ke kumu paha. ʻO kēia ka pilikia nui loa o nā mea kanu, e like me nā kāloka. ʻO nā mea kūlana kūpilikiʻi ka hopena. Hāʻawi lākou i ka haunaele a me ka'ōhūʻana o nā aʻa a hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka ikaika o ka lāʻau. Māiʻia ka nematodes ma ke kumu o nā aʻa, e hoʻoulu ai i ka palia a me ka pipi. A me ka'ōpala pakiaka nematodes i hana -ʻae - pōkole,'ōpala'ōpala.

No laila he aha kāu e hana ai no lākou? Ka Manaʻoʻana i nā maʻi Ma muli o ke kau

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Ka Manaʻoʻana i nā maʻi Ma muli o ke kau

Ua heluhelu mākou i nā maʻi o ka'āina iʻikeʻia i kēia manawa, he aha kāu e hana ai e pili ana iā lākou?

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu aku i ka poʻe hewa i ka manawa mau loa e pili wale nō i ka hikiʻole,ʻoiai inā he mau mea maʻamau i kou wahi e hoʻomaka ai. Hiki iā lākou ke ola i loko o ka lepo,ʻoiai i ka manawa e waihoʻole ana ka mea kanu maʻamau. ʻAʻole maikaʻi maikaʻi ka hoʻolālā kino a lōʻihi lōʻihi paha a hiki ke hōʻemiʻia ka uku. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iāʻoe keʻoki i nā lāhui a me nā hōʻailona me kekahi mau hana moʻomeheu.

1. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā meli a pau, i ka hopena o ke kau. I ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, e hoʻolei i nā mea a pau i loaʻa. Hiki i nā pathogens ke hānai i nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu.
2. E hoʻololi i kahi e kanu aiʻoe i nā mea kanu i loko o kaʻohana hoʻokahi. Uaʻike wau he mea hikiʻole kēia i nā māla liʻiliʻi a inā he makahiki maikaʻiʻole ka hua kanu, he mea maʻalahi paha ka hoʻokuʻu i ka kanuʻana no hoʻokahi makahiki aʻelua paha. He paʻakikī,ʻike wau. Akā inā he maikaʻiʻole kaʻohiʻana, hāʻuleʻole kahi makahiki o ka uala. I ka wā iʻoi aku ka makahikiʻino loa o koʻu mau'ōmato, kanu wau iā lākou i loko o nā waihona nui i ka makahiki aʻe, eʻalo i ka lepo i koʻu māla.
3. Hiki ke paleʻia kekahi mau makahiki ma ka hanaʻana i ka sulfur aiʻole ke keleawe i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka wā.

ʻO nā maʻi o ka lepo e hoʻomauʻia ka mea e hōʻehaʻeha ai i nā māla lāʻau. E like me nā manawa a pau,ʻo ka palekana maikaʻi loa he hewa kūpono. ʻO ka kanuʻana i nāʻano mea kanu ulu me ka paleʻana i nā maʻi maʻamau e hiki ke kōkua i ka hopena o nā pilikia a me ka hoʻolahaʻana o nā pathogens. ʻAʻole hiki i nā manawa ke huli i nāʻanoʻano kū'ē, akā inā hiki iāʻoe, e hāʻawiʻiʻoʻo ia iāʻoe i kahi āpau.

_{Nā kumuhana:
Nāʻike nui e pili ana i nā maʻi o ka'āina (Royal Botanic Gardens)
ʻO nā maʻi maʻiʻaiʻia e Soilborne Pathogens (Ke Kulanui o Kaleponi)
Nā pāpale hau honua (Washington State University Extension)}