ʻO Sturnus vulgaris
Hiki ke hoʻololi a hoʻomehanaʻia, he manu maʻamau ka mea holoʻokoʻa Pākehā ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka'ōiwiʻo Eurasia, ua hoʻokomo ponoʻia kēiaʻano ma kahi o ka honua i manaʻoʻia he manu lele i nā wahi he nui,ʻo ia hoʻiʻoʻAmelika Hema.
Ka inoa maʻamau: ʻElua Europa, Starling Star, Starling
Nīnau Pūmana: Sturnus vulgaris
ʻO ke Kula Hua'ōlelo: Sturnidae
ʻAno:
- Bill : He lōʻihi, kuhikuhi, he melemele i ka'ōpiopio o nā mea kanu, heʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele i ka plumage hānauʻole
- Nui : 8.5 'īniha ka lōʻihi me ka 15-inch o nā'ēheu,'ākoki stubby
- ʻO nāʻawa :'Aleʻele, kūkiki,'ōpala,ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo
- Nā Markings : Heʻano likeʻole nā moe me ka plumageʻeleʻele i hoʻohālikelikeʻia me kahi'ōmole'ōmaʻomaʻo a me kaʻulaʻula i ke poʻo, ka hoʻihoʻi, kepe , ke āpau, a me ka umauma. Hoʻopiliʻia ka'ōpili hou, nā loleʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha i nā hulu e hāʻawi aku ai i nā manu i nā hiʻohiʻona ke nānā aku, akā uaʻeleʻele nā'ōpū ma ka puna. ʻO ka wings a me ka huelo puʻupuʻuʻeleʻele a hoʻonaniʻia me ka pale. ʻO nā'ōlou a me nā wāwae heʻulaʻula. Hoʻopiliʻia ka plumage o ka hili me kaʻole o ka momona o ka'ōpū, aʻeleʻele hoʻi nā wāwae a me nā wāwae.
ʻO nā mea he nui i nā maka'āinana hinahele, me nā'āpana pōuliuli a me ka puʻu paler. Aia nā wāwae manu a me nā wāwaeʻeleʻele a me ka pōpō pouli.
Nā Meaʻai: Nūnū, hua, ka palaoa, nā hua (See: Omnivorous )
Ka Nohoʻana a me ka Holoʻana:
ʻO ka nohona'āina kūiho o kaʻEulopa e pili ana i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa maʻEulopa Komohana a me ke kaiʻo Caspian e ulu ana i Scandinavia a me Lūkiniʻohana i ke kauwela a me ka'Ipene Iberian, Middle East a me ka'ākau o'Afelika i ka hoʻoilo.
Ua laweʻia kēia mau manu ma nā wahi he nui ma ka honua a puni, e like meʻAka Hema,'Austalia, a me New Zealand. MaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, e loaʻa ana nā kumukūʻai Europa i kēlā me kēia makahiki a puni ka'āinaʻoʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, Northern Mexico a me kaʻaoʻao hemaʻo Canada, e hoʻonui ana i ke kūkulu'ākau i ka wā kau. Loaʻa i kahi o nā manu e loaʻa ai, makemake lākou i nā wahi i weheʻia e like me nā pālahalaha, nā mahinaʻai mahiʻai a me nā ululāʻau ākea, a ma nā wahi kaiāulu a me nā wahi ākea kahi e loaʻa pinepineʻia ai i nā pā a me nā pā hale.
Nā Mahi:
ʻO kēia mau manuʻeleʻele a me nāʻano leo likeʻole he nui. Loaʻa nāʻano maʻamau i nā hīkākā, nā pahuhopu, nā'umiʻoki, nā pēpē a me nā kiʻi, a hiki nō hoʻi iā lākou ke hoʻohālike i nāʻano manu'ē aʻe he nui a me nā leo manuʻole. Hiki i nā manu uila ke kani nui i ka noiʻana i loko o ka pūnana a iʻole ma hope koke iho o ka holoʻana, a hiki i kaʻohana o nā poʻe kamaliʻi a me nā mea nui paha ke hana i kahi pele.
Nā hana:
ʻO nā'ōpū o ka Pākehā nei, he manu ikaika, nā manu ikaika e hiki ke hoʻokūpaʻa i ka hānaiʻana a me ka mālamaʻana. I loko o ka manawa e hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ai i kahi kaʻawale a loaʻa paha i nā pālua, akā, i ka hāʻuleʻana a me ka hoʻoilo, e hana lākou i nā hipa nui nui e hiki ke helu i 1 miliona mau manu aʻoi aʻe paha. Hiki i kēia mauʻohana nui ke hoʻohālua i nā meaʻai a iʻole e hui pūʻia me nāʻano pilikinoʻano'ē.
ʻOiai e hānai ana,ʻo ia mau manu lele ma ka'āina ākea, e hoʻopili i ka mauʻu iki a me ka lepo me kā lākou mau kālā eʻimi i nā'ōpala a me ka palaoa i ko lākou wā e holoholo ai, me nā manawa o ka manawa. Uaʻikeʻia lākou e holo i nā hale o nā manu'ē aʻe a e'aihuehue i kekahi i kekahi.
Hōʻano houʻia:
ʻO kēia mauʻano manu o nā manuamoa e'ōlelo ikaika nei i nā kolo o nā mea'ē aʻe mai nāʻano'ē aʻe, e like me nā mea hana lāʻau, nā moa me nā bluebirds.
I kekahi manawa, ʻikeʻia ka polygamy ma kekahi mau kāne. Hiki i kekahi wahine male ke hāʻawi i 2-3 mau pua o 5-8 pale uliuli a me nā'ōmole'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Hoʻokumu nā mākua i nā hua no nā lā he 12-14, a na nā mākua e hānai i nā keiki'ōpio no kekahi mau lā he 19-21 i hope o ka paleʻana. E ukali nā manu'ōpio i ko lākou mau mākua no nā 1-2 mau wiki e noi ana me ka noiʻana i ka meaʻai.
Ke hāpai nei i nā Europa Europa:
Hoʻokomo 'ia kēia mau manu i nā mea hānai hale me ka waiʻu pīnī, ka mīni a me ka meaʻai, a e hele pū lākou i kahi pālahalaha a me nā mīkini puaʻa no ka hua a me ka palaoa. Ma muli o ka hikiʻana i kēia mau manu ke lawe mai i nā hipa nui me nā mea momona ma ka hale, ua makemake nā manu he nui e hōʻemi i kā lākou mau kipaʻana . ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā manu hānai manu me nā hale e hoʻokuʻu i nā manu nui a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i nā hua i hoʻokaheʻia ma ka honua e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻopiʻiʻana o nā Europa.
Hoʻomalu:
ʻAʻole i manaʻoʻia kēia mau manu i ka hoʻoweliweli a iʻole i ka pōʻino, akā ma nā wahi o ko lākou kūlana maoli, ua emi iho ka nui o nā heluna kanaka. Ma nā wahi'ē aʻe, akā, ke piʻi nei nā lāhui, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nāʻano o nāʻano henithologists e hiki ke hoʻololi i keʻano o nāʻano, ma mua o ka loli o ka loli.
Ma nā wahi i manaʻoʻia ai kēia mau manu e hōʻinoʻia,ʻaʻole lākou e mālama pinepineʻia a hiki paha ke hoʻokuʻu a hoʻomāinoino paha.
Nā Manu like:
- Pāʻani Panui ( Sturnus unicolor )
- ʻO Brewer's Blackbird ( Euphagus cyanocephalus )
- Ka Hale Kuki Lahui ( Quiscalus quiscula )
- ʻO Blackbird ulaʻula ( Agelaius phoeniceus )
Hoʻokaʻaʻike - European Europeanling © Lars Plougmann
Hoʻokaʻaʻike - European Europeanlingling - Juvenile © Joan Gellatly