Ke hoʻohanaʻana i kahi Pūnaeho Noʻonoʻo e Hoʻolālāʻia no ka Mākaʻiʻana i ka Malu Lunamaka
Ua noʻonoʻo pahaʻoe i ka mea eʻai ai nā'ōpala? Ināʻoe e'ōlelo, "ME!"ʻaʻoleʻoe hoʻokahi. ʻIkeʻia e hānaiʻia kēia mau nūnē paʻakai ma luna o mākou. Akā,ʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo nā wahine wale nō ka "bite" a pēlā lākou e hana ai i ka meaʻai pūʻai e waiho ai i kā lākou mau hua. No ke aha ka mea eʻai ai nā'ōnelo i ka ola? A, he aha ka mea e pau ai nā pū'ā wahine i ka wā e hōʻeaʻole ai lākou i ke koko?
Ke nīnau nei nā kānakaʻepekema i kēia mau nīnau i ko lākou nānāʻana i ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nāʻano hou o ka mana nūnē no ka kua o waho a ma waho.
Ma kēiaʻatikala, pili wale nō iā About Pest Control,ʻo Dr. Onie Tsabari, ka luna o R & D ma Westham Co., e wehewehe i nā mea e pono ai nā miki keʻai no ka ola a pehea ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i kēia "pōloli" paha o ka pane i kekahi mea hou ikaika i ka mālamaʻana i nā makika.
ʻO kaʻai mea kaulike kaulike
Ma ka likeʻole i ka manaʻo loiloi nui,ʻaʻole nā hānai e hānai i ke koko e hoʻonui i ko lākou mau mea e pono ai. ʻO nā aʻa i loaʻa mai i kekahi mau mea kanu ka kumu waiwai nui no nā nūne kāne a me nā wahine , a he mea nui e ola ai.
Pono nā meaʻai i ka meaʻai no ka ikaika o nā poʻe mākua e lele, hoa a e huli i nā kumu koko. ʻO kaʻaiʻana i ka meaʻai ka mea maʻamau o nā mea mua a nā nūnē e hana ai ma hope o ka hanuʻana a hiki i nā 24 aʻoi aʻe paha. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻomaha ai ka nui o nā'ōpala a hānai i nā wahi me nā mea kanu nui.
Ma mua o ka wā pōkole, ua hanaʻia he mau noiʻiʻuʻuku i ka hanaʻana o ke kōlaʻai i nā kūʻai a me nā mana o ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Nā Hōʻa Hou e pili ana i ka Māmā
ʻO nā mana hou e nānā ana i nā hānai a me nā hana hoʻomana no ka noʻonoʻo he mea nui no ka mea he mau mea maʻa mau ka nīnē. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻikeʻia nā'elo a hiki i hope 100 miliona makahiki i hala. ʻO kēia mau hoʻololi pinepine keʻano o ka nui o nā kaʻina hana e hiki ke lilo i meaʻeleʻele no ka hikiʻana i nā nūniki ke kū'ē i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohanaʻia.
MaʻAmelika Huipūʻia, aʻo ka hapa nui o ka honua,ʻo ka mea olako i hoʻohanaʻia no ka hoʻokipaʻana i nā nūnē he pyrethroid. Kūlohelohe nā Pyrethroids e hana i ke kuʻiʻana i ke kuʻiʻana he mea pono lākou e hoʻohui me ka namu no ka meaʻona e hana. Loaʻa lākou i loko o nā'ōpala he nui , nāʻili, a me nā hoʻokaʻawaleʻana ma lalo o nā inoa e like me allethrin, resmethrin, permethrin, aiʻole cyfluthrin. Kūlekana nā Pyrethroids akā hiki ke hoʻokomo i kekahi mau noi a me nā pilikia ākea e hiki ke hoʻonā a hoʻonuiʻia me nāʻano mana'ē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻano likeʻole o nā mea no nāʻoihana pale e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i nā kūlana e lilo ai ka lāhui nūnē i kahi olakino.
ʻO ka lanakila maikaʻi o nā mea kanu
ʻO ka mana hou e nānā ana i ka hānaiʻana i nā maʻukū maʻamaʻona e kapaʻiaʻo Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait, aiʻole ATSB ® . ʻO ka ATSB he "hoʻopiʻi a paʻi" i nāʻano hana kūpono i ka makemakeʻana o nā'ōne kāne a wahine wahine no ka mea kanu kō. Hana ia ma o ka huiʻana i kahi meaʻono (ʻo ka paunu) me kahi "toxin"ʻai (mea hana). Hoʻohanaʻia i nā wahi hoʻomaha a me nā meaʻai hānai, a i ka wā i hoʻokomoʻia, hana ia e like me keʻano o ka makeʻana o nā kāne a me nā wāhine a hoʻohaʻahaʻa iho i nā heluna hānai ma nā wahi i mālamaʻia.
He mea nui ka ATSB i nāʻano o kēia manawa e like me nā mea hoʻopuka a me nā'āpana'āina. Eia kekahi mauʻano i likeʻole ai a hoʻopihaʻo ia i nā mana o kēia manawa. ʻO ia:
- Hoʻoponopono i nāʻano'ōpiopio: Aedes, Culex, Anopheles.
- Hāʻawi i kahi hana hana hou: He mea make, hoʻokipa ixin me ka pepehi a pepehi paha.
- He hana kūpono ma nā kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi noho āpau a me nā pae pūnaewele nui (nā papa kōleʻa, nā paka).
- Nā hana e hoʻokahuli i ka pilikia ulu o ke kū'ēʻana i ka lāʻau.
- Hiki ke kani keʻano o ka nohona, ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā meaʻai hana a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā noi.
- Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia i kekahi manawa o ka lā no nā nūnē -ʻaʻole ka lā a me ka pō .
- ʻAʻole ia eʻoki i ka bees, nā nalu a me nā mea'ē aʻe. (E like me: "ʻO kaʻikeʻana i ka pīpī maikaʻi i kaʻawaʻawa (ATSB) Pāpale no ka mālamaʻana i nā nūniki pale a me nā mea inoʻole a me ka hopena ma nāʻano meaolaʻole i loko o nā'āina āpau ma Florida" Qualls et al. [Kakanaka 131, 2014])
ʻO ka ATSB ma ka Māhele Manaʻo o nā Kauwa
Uaʻike nā kānakaʻepekema i nā makahiki he mau makahiki e pono ai nā nūnē i ka sugar no ke ola. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pepa he 20 i paʻiʻia e kākoʻo i ke kaʻina hana ATSB ma keʻano he ikaika nui ma ke kaua honua ma nā nūnū,ʻo ka meaʻoi loa o kēiaʻanoʻo "Ka hopena o ke kumukūʻauʻawaʻawa (ATSB) kū'ē iā Aedes albopictus me kaʻailaʻalani i hoʻopiliʻia i ka beta- ka hauwaina ma keʻano he mea hana "a Junnila et al., i puka mai ma ka hoʻopukaʻo Sepatemaba 2015 o Acta Tropica. (Acta Tropica 152)
ʻAʻole nō ia i ka manawa i hala koke aku nei, akā naʻe, ua hiki i kahi hui kūikawā o ka honua ke hoʻomohala a hoʻopili hou i ka meaʻono a hui pū me ia i ka "toxin" no nā mea hoʻohana.
Ua hōʻikeʻo Dr. Gunter Muller (Israel 2013) i ke kikowaena o ka ATSB me kaʻaila kelepona i ka beta-Cyclodextrin e like me ka meaʻenehana paʻa "e Dr. Gunter Muller (Israel 2013) e hōʻike ana i ka nui o nā'ōpala nūnē ma kahi oʻelua aʻekolu mau wiki, e ho'ēmi ana i ka heluna o ka'Aedes albopictus mosquito a me nāʻano Culex . Wahi a nā'eneke Kū'ē, ua palekana ke kumukūʻai no nā kānaka, nā meaʻai a me ka'ōlohelohe a ua hōʻoiaʻia hoʻiʻaʻole e lawe i ka bees, nā nalu a me nā mea pollinators.
Hoʻomanaʻoʻo ASTB i nā hoʻohanaʻana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa no ka mālamaʻana i ka ve, a iʻole ka maʻi e lawe ana i nā nūnē. No ka hoʻokūkūʻana i ka hōʻailona hou o ka hōʻano hou, ua kamaʻilio maʻamauʻo Westham me ka World Health Organization, ka Gates Foundation, a me ka pūʻali Koa US. Ma o nā hāʻawiʻana mai o ka Consortium International Vector Control Consortium (IVCC) a me ka Challenge Challenge Israel,ʻo ka hua'ōlelo ATSB a me kona hopena ma nā māmā malaria e ho'āʻoʻia hoʻi ma'Afelika.
Maluhi: kahi ala pono
ʻAʻohe mea hoʻokahi e mālama i nā nūnē a pau. Loaʻa i kahi alaina integrated. E ho'āʻo i kekahi o kēia mau ho'āʻo ho'āʻo a me ka pololei no ka ho'ēmiʻana i nā heluna nūnē a kaomi i kou home i kēia kauwela:
- Mai hoʻopoina i kou nohona ola - No ka hapanui o mākou, ua like keʻano o ka pīkoi likeʻole e like me ka sunscreen i ka lā. Mai poina i ka paleʻana i nā wahi ola o ka hale me ka'ōpala puka waho a pepehi i ka huahana. Hiki i ka manawa liʻiliʻi ke hoʻomaha i ka pale wale wale nō, akā, i ka uluʻana,ʻo nā nūnē.
- ʻO Ke Kai Eʻe Loaʻa -ʻAʻole nui ka wai no nā toho pipi e ola ai, aʻo kekahi o nāʻano'ōpala e pono i kahi ulu wale ke ola. Ma hope o nāʻino, e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻopauʻana i nā puddles, ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā mea pāʻani o ka wai a me ke nānāʻana i kahi mau mea hewaʻole e like me ka holoʻana no ka wai kū.
- - Hoʻokomoʻia ka'ōpala i ka'ūpili a me nāʻanoʻano o ka'ōpala iʻole e mālama pono i kou mau waho waho. E mālama i ka mūlū me nā mea kanu i hoʻopiliʻia.