E hoʻoneʻe i kahi mea nāna e koho
Inā loaʻaʻoe i nā pōpilikia ma kāu'āina,ʻo kēlā mau mū nui e'ōlaʻi i nā maka uila nui a likeʻole i nā lālā lāʻau, ua haʻiʻiaʻoeʻaʻole hiki i kāu mea ke hana akā eʻokiʻoki iā lākou mai ka lāʻau ae luku iā lākou. ʻAʻole hiki ke maʻalahi kēia manawa, ma muli o ka kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau.
I kēia manawa, he manaolana no ka paleʻana i ka huapalapala. Hōʻike ka papahana hou ma ke Kulanui o Illinois ma Urbana-Champaign no ka kanuʻana i nā lālā o kaʻohana Aster kokoke a / a iʻole paha i kahi lāʻau hiki ke hoʻopiliʻia i kahi māmā maoli o nā pīpī, nā makai ichneumonid.
Ma mua o kou hopohopoʻana i ka manaʻo e hoʻopiʻi ana i nā wāwahi,ʻaʻole kēia nāʻano e makemake e hoʻokomo iāʻoe. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka hapa nuiʻole i nā kau. ʻO kēia mau lālā liʻiliʻi o kaʻohana'ōpelu e hoʻopili i nā'ēheu'ē aʻe ma o ka waihoʻana i kā lākou mau hua i loko o kā lākou waiwai pio.
ʻO ka hōʻike ma lalo nei, i mahaloʻia e ka Brooklyn Botanic Garden o "Plants and Garden News", e manaʻo ana e kanu iā Shasta daisies , New England asters , a me Gazania . ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea e nānā maikaʻi aku i loko o kāu māla ma mua o nā pāpā.
Kūkulu i nā Laisies e Paʻi i nā Paʻi
ʻO ka huakō (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) he mea maʻa wale ia o nā lāʻau coniferous a me nā lāʻauʻulu i ka hikina hikina.ʻO kēia koho o ka moth e kohu i nā hale me nā hale e likeʻole me nā mea likeʻole e like me keʻano o ka pale. ʻO keʻano o nā kaʻina hana maʻamau ka wehe 'ana i nā hale pākī (kahi hiki) a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā pesticides. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nāʻenemi kūlohelohe o kaʻewa a me nā'ōpala, e like me ka ichneumonid. Aʻo ka noiʻiʻana ma ke Kulanui o Illinois ma Urbana-Champaign, uaʻikeʻia he hiki ke hoʻonuiʻia ka hanaʻana i nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu e kokoke ana. nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i nā meaʻino.
ʻO nā mea kanu ulu i hoʻohanaʻia ma ka noiʻi UIUC,ʻo ia nā lālā o ka Asteraceae, aʻo kaʻohana aster, i loko o nāʻohana he nui me nā pua e like me nā mea eʻikeʻia eʻike ai i nā mea pale. Aia kekahi o lākou i kahi papaʻanaka daisy cultivar (he mea kanuʻo Leucanthemum 'Alaska'), he mea kanu o Newfoundland aster (Aster novi-belgii 'Professor Anton Kippenburg'), a me ka puawai waiwai (Gazania rigens), he kanaka Pelekikena.
ʻO ka hale o ka pūʻali koa he mea kanu lāʻauʻo Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis 'Woodwardii'). Ma hoʻokahi hoʻokolokolo hoʻokahi, kahi i hoʻopiliʻia e nā mea kanu me nā pua puaʻa i kahi piʻi he 70% o ka pāʻani o nā pumehana. I kekahi hoʻokolokolo'ē aʻe,ʻo nā hopena ma nā huapili i nā'ōpala parasitoid i hoʻonuiʻia e kahi meaʻekolu ke hoʻopuniʻia e nā loina o nā mea kanu ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā pua daisy. ʻO nā mea kanu he nui i ka Asteraceae he poʻe maoli lākou iʻAmelika Hema.
Ke Kumu: JA Ellis et al., "Hoʻomalu i ka Ola Ola Ola ma nā Urban Landscapes: Ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i nā Parasitoid o Bagworm (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) me nā'Āpana Ola," Ka Ola Ola 34 (1), Iulai 2005, 99-107 (Elsevier Science, 6277 Sea Harbor Kauka, Orlando, FL 32887).
Hāʻawiʻia mai e ka Brooklyn Botanic Garden