ʻO ka'āpana puaʻa

ʻOiaiʻo ka manu'ōmaʻa heʻano ulalahi iki,ʻo kāna mele nani eʻoi aku keʻano. ʻO kēia mauʻoihanaʻeleʻele iʻoi aku ka laulā ma kaʻaoʻao komohana o kā lākouʻoihana, akā,ʻo nā manu manu iʻike i ka inoa o nā mākau a me ka mea e hoʻolohe ai hiki ke maʻalahi i kēia mau nū manu i ko lākou papa helu ola.

Ka inoa maʻamau :ʻO ka'āpana iʻa, ka'ūpili

Nīnau Pūmana : Pooecetes gramineus

Pūʻulu Hoʻonaʻauao :

ʻAno:

• Bill : Keʻano o ka helehelena me keʻanoʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele

• Nui : 5.5-6.5 'īniha ka lōʻihi me ka 10-11' īniha o ka'ēheu, lōʻihi i ka huelo, i ka'ōpū hohonu
• Nā Lā :'Aleʻele, keʻokeʻo, kekū, kaʻaila, keʻeleʻele, ka uhi
• Nā Marking : He like nā kāne e like me ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wāhine. ʻO nā helehelena keʻokeʻo e hōʻike ana i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo maikaʻi a me kahi pāpale'āpana pale pale i hoʻopaʻaʻia me ka palena pouli me ke keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ka palena. ʻO ke kapaʻaʻahu'ōniʻoniʻoʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele, aʻo nā'ēheu'ēheu e hōʻike ana iʻelua mau'ēheu'ēheu'ēheu a iʻole ka lāʻau hao. Heʻeleʻele ka huelo me nā hulu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, a he mau keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo paha ma lalo o nā'eneʻena a iʻole ke kīpili me kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele e kau ana ma luna o ka'ōpū a me ka umauma. Mālama keʻokeʻo nā uhi lalo. I ka holoʻana, ʻikeʻia kahi'āpana'ōpiopio liʻiliʻi, akā hikiʻole keʻikeʻia i nā manu i'āpalaʻia keʻole ka'ēheu'ē o nā'ēheu a me ka ulana. Heʻeleʻele nā ​​maka a me nā wāwae a me nā wāwae he pale.
  
  Hiki i nā'ilina like ke nānā aku i nā mākua akā e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka heleʻana ma luna o nā māhele a me nā hōʻailona maikaʻiʻole ma kaʻili.

Nā meaʻai : Nā mela, nā'ōpala, ka palaoa ( See: Granivorous )

Ka Nohoʻana a me ka Holoʻana:

ʻO ka nui o nā manu liʻiliʻi e hāpai ana ma'ō aku oʻAmelika Hema. Make lākou i nā lau nahele, nā mahinaʻai a me nā pā kanu, me nā pāpū wea a me nā wahi e holoi ai. Hiki ke loaʻa pinepineʻia lākou i nā wahi i puhiʻia i kahi manawa i puhiʻia a me nā kahua mahiʻai.

I ke kauwela, hiki ke loaʻa nā manu liʻiliʻi ma ke kūkulu'ākau e like me ke kihi hema o nā Territory Territories me ko lākou ākea e kū ana i ka'ākauʻo British Columbia a me ka hikina a hiki i ka hema o Ontario, ma Quebec a me Newfoundland a me Labrador. ʻO ka palena o lākou a hiki i ke kūkulu'ākau o Nevada Nevada, Utah, Northern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, Western Colorado a me ka hikina ma South Dakota a me Iowa a ma ka'ākau o Illinois, Indiana a me Ohio. Hiki keʻike houʻia nā manu liʻiliʻi i ka hikina ma New England,ʻoiai he nui nā mokulele o ka hikina.

I ka wā o ka hoʻoilo, e neʻe ana kēia mau manu i Kaleponi hema a me ka hema oʻAmelika Huipūʻia a hiki i ka'ākau o Florida, aʻo ko lākou mau wā hoʻoilo, hiki i ka'ākau a hiki i ka'ākauʻo Carolina a me Virginia. Ma ke komohana, nā'ōkena nūnū i ke kauwela a hiki i ke kūkulu hema a me ke kūkulu hema o Mexico.

Nā Mahi:

He mele mele kani kēia e hoʻomaka nei me 2-4 mau lōʻihi, a me nā pane wikiwiki i hoʻokomoʻia e kekahi mau pahu a me nā loli. ʻO ke pihi kūikawā he kaniʻoi.

Nā hana:

Hoʻopiʻeneʻa ka moa o ka moa i ka wanaʻao, ma ka manawa hoʻokahi e like me nā keneke Katolika, a loaʻa i ka manu kona inoa.

ʻAʻole kēiaʻo ka manawa wale nō e mele ai kēia mau manu, akā, a i loko o keʻano haʻuki, pinepine lākou i luna i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, a me nā lālā iʻikeʻoleʻia no ka maikaʻi o kā lākou mele,ʻoiai i ka wā o ke kauʻana.

ʻO kēia mau naluʻeleʻele wale nō, akā e noho lākou i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i nā hāʻule a me ka hoʻoilo. Iā lākou e hoʻouluulu nei, hele pinepine lākou i nā hui pūʻulu me nāʻano manu'ōpiopio. Hoʻomoe pinepine lākou i ka hoʻohāhā ma ka honua no ke kanuʻana i nāʻanoʻano a me nā'ōpala, a ua kūpono e holo a hele i kahi pōʻino ma mua o ka holo kokeʻana.

Hōʻano houʻia:

ʻO kēia nā manu manu. Ma hope o ka moeʻana, kūkulu ka wahine i ka pūnana kapu ma ka lepo ma lalo o nā mea kanu no ka hūnāʻana, e hoʻohana ana i ka mauʻu, nā mauu a me nā aʻa liʻiliʻi e kūkulu i ka pūnana a me ke kāwiliʻana me nā mauʻu a me ka hulu. ʻO nā hua manu oval ka pōhaku keʻokeʻo a he'ōmaʻomaʻa'ōmaʻomaʻo paha aʻikeʻia i ka'ōniʻoniʻo, hina a me nā meaʻeleʻele, nā'ōpana a me nā manu.

Aia nā huahelu he 2-6 i kēlā a me kēia hua.

Hāʻawi nā mākua i nā kuleana hana no nā lā 11-13, akāʻo ka wahine ke hana nui i ka puhi. Inā hiki i kahi wānana i kahi pūnana, hiki i ka makuahine ke hoʻohana i kahi pale e hoʻopili ai i ka'ēheu e hoʻohuli iā ia mai kāna mau hua nawaliwali. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā moa a pau, hānai nā mākua i nā'ōpiopio no 7-14 mau lā,ʻoiai ma ka hopena o ka manawa hoʻonani, hiki i ka kāne ke lawe i ka hapa nui o ka mālamaʻana i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka wahine i kahi keiki'ē aʻe. Hiki i kekahi mau moaʻeleʻele ke hoʻoulu iʻekolu mau pipi i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi he mau pūnana maʻamau ia i nāʻano palapalipulu poʻo'āpala. I kekahi mau manawa kūikawā, hiki i nā manu liʻiliʻi ke hoʻohui me nā manu liʻiliʻi, akā naʻe,ʻaʻole i hoʻokūpaʻa mauʻia keʻano o kēlā mehe.

Ke hāpai nei i nā moa liʻiliʻi:

ʻO ka haʻaleleʻana i nā mele mele kūpono e hiki ke kōkua i kēia mau manu i hiki i nā manu manu ke hoʻokipa i ko lākou mau mele. ʻO ka mea hānai manu manu me nā manu manu'āpili, ka palaoa i kāwiliʻia aiʻole nā'ehi'ē aʻe he meaʻai kūpono loa, aʻo ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā manu e ulu ana i nā pua e amo i nā pua liʻiliʻi. Makemake lākou i ka lepo lepo , a e hoʻohana pinepine i ka lepo lepo. Inā hikiʻole i nā manu lele ke lawe aku i kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi, hiki iā lākou keʻike iā lākou i nā kūpono kūpono, ma kahi o nā alanui āpau a me nā'āina mahiʻai.

Hoʻomalu:

ʻAʻole i manaʻoʻia kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi a hōʻeha paha i kekahi ala, akā, e emi mālie ana ko lākou heluna no ka hala o ka noho. ʻO ke kūkulu nuiʻana,ʻo ka mahiʻai mahiʻai a me ka hoʻouluʻana i nā mea a pau e hilinaʻi i nā manu liʻiliʻi.

Nā Manu like :

• ʻO Savannah Sparrow ( Passerculus sandwichensis )
• Henslow's Sparrow ( Ammodramus henslowii )
• Song Sparrow ( Melospiza melodia )
• ʻO Brewer's Sparrow ( Spizella breweri )
• ʻAmelika Pipit ( Anthus rubescens )
• Sky Lark ( Alauda arvensis )

Hoʻokaʻaʻike -ʻO Vesper Sparrow © Tim Lenz