Erithacus rubecula
ʻO ka manu āpau o ka United Kingdom ,ʻo ka Europa Pākehā he sonite kēpau aʻikeʻia i nā māla, nā ululāʻau, a me nā kua. Akā nō naʻe i ka hiʻohiʻona o ka nani, hiki i kēia mau mea ke hana i nā manu koʻikoʻi a me nā moku āpau.
ʻO Common Name: European Robin, English Robin, Robin, Robinet, Ruddock
ʻEpekema : Erithacus rubecula
ʻO kaʻohana Hawaiʻi: Muscicapidae (Formerly Turdidae )
Kaʻike a me kaʻike
He kama'āina kēia mau manu ma oʻEulopa, a heʻanoʻanoʻano likeʻole a me nā lelo e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻomaopopo.
- Bill : pōkole, pololei, kuhikuhi,ʻeleʻele
- Nui : 5-6'inni ka lōʻihi me 8-9-inihi'ēheu, poʻo keʻokeʻo,'ā'īʻeleʻele
- ʻO nāʻala : keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo,ʻalani, keʻoliva, ke aniani-hina
- Nā Markings :'Alike nā'āpana me ka paneʻoliva olive, kepe , hoʻi, huelo, a me nā'ēheu. ʻO ke alo o ke alani,ʻo ka'ā'ī, a me ka umauma kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke kaliʻia e kahi lole holoi polū, ma kahi a puni. He keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo paha nā mea lalo ma kahi holoiʻalani maʻemaʻe ma nāʻaoʻao. ʻO nā lelo he pale. Ke kū nei nā makaʻeleʻele i mua o ka maka a ke hāʻawi pinepine nei i kēia manu i keʻano pilikino a'ōleloʻole paha.
ʻO ka meaʻai, ka meaʻai, a me ka meaʻai
ʻO nā'ōpili o nā Pākehā he meaʻawaʻawa aʻai i nāʻanoʻokoʻa likeʻole, me nā pūwīwī. ʻO nā worms kekahi hapa o kā lākouʻai, a i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, eʻai ana nā manu i nā hua a me nā hua i ka wā e paʻakikīʻole ai nā'ōpala. I ka hoʻolālāʻana, e hahai pinepine kēia mau mea pupuhi i nā māla a me ka lepo ma o nā'āina i huli houʻia eʻimi i nā meaʻono.
Ka Nohoʻana a me ka Holoʻana
Hiki keʻikeʻia nā robust Pākeona ma nā wahi'āpana lāʻau ākea a me nā pā kula o nā kūlanakauhale, a me nā māla'āina, nā mahinaʻai, a me nā kua. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā manu manuahi maʻamau i'Europa, me nā makahiki āpau iʻikeʻia i loko o ka nui o ke Komohana oʻEulopa a me nā moku Pelekāne. Hoʻonui nā kānaka o ka pāhola ma ka'ākau e like me Scandinavia a me ke komohana ma loko o ka nui o ka'ākau oʻEulopa, kahi e hiki ai nā malihini ke kauwela i ka palena o ka'Ākau'Ākau a me ka Hikina Hikina.
ʻO nāʻoihana
Hoʻokipaʻia nā robust Pākehā no ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ke kauaʻana, a me ke mele kani e like me ke kaniʻana a kū i ka hope. Hiki i nā meleʻelua ke hīmeni i nā ahiahi a me ka pō,ʻoiai ma hope iho o ka pauʻana o ke kau. ʻO ka leo o nā mea kani keʻano likeʻole he "tik-tik-tik-tik-tik."
Nā hana
Me keʻano o ka helehelenaʻoluʻolu a me ke mele hīmeni, hiki i kēia mau mea ke noho kaʻawale, nā mea ikaika, nā manu o ka'āina . ʻO nā maʻamau i nā moku Pelekāne e maʻa mau i ka lima, akā hiki keʻaiʻia e ka lima, akā,ʻo kaʻewa o ke aupuni Pākīpika ma kahi'ē aʻe, heʻano hilahila a hoʻokiʻekiʻe. E pīpī kēia mau manu i ko lākou mauʻalaniʻalani ma nā hōʻike pāʻani, a keʻikeʻia lākou me nā mea'ē aʻe, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha a hōʻeha i kā lākou poʻe hakakā. I kekahi manawa, uaʻikeʻia nā mea hao o nā Pākehā e hōʻeha i ko lākou mau manaʻo iho , i ka wā o ke kauwela a me ke kauwelaʻana i ka wā e koiʻia ai nā'āina.
Ka hana hou
He mauʻano likeʻole kēia mau manu i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hakakā'āina ma waena o nā wāhine. ʻO ka hana maʻamau ka kāne e hānai ana i ka wahine, ka hana e hoʻomau mau aiʻo ia i ka manawa hoʻolālā e nānā ai i ka wahine ma ka pūnana. Nānāʻia nā hanana me nā puʻupuʻu, mauʻu, a me nā hapa o nā lau, a hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia me ka hulu a iʻole.
Hoʻolahalaha likeʻole ka hoʻokele'āinaʻo Nest, a hiki i nā mea hao oʻEulopa ke hoʻokipa ma nā wahi he nuiʻole e like me nā ipu hao mua, nā lako waho, a me nā mea kūpono paha. Hiki i nā mākua ke hana i nā hua puaa 2-3 i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a he mau lālani he 12-14. ʻO nā hua heʻeleʻele, heʻulaʻula, a he kāpili paha, a he kīkala wale paha a'ōwiliʻia paha me nā'āpanaʻulaʻula. Hāpaiʻia nā manu'ōpiopio e nā mākua no nā lā he 14-16 a hiki i ka wā e mākaukau ai lākou e haʻalele i ka pūnana.
Eʻimi ana i nā loea Pākehā
Ua aʻo kēia mau manu akamai i nā mālaʻai e huli i ka lepo e loaʻa ai nā ilo a he māmā nā'ōpala, no laila, hiki koke lākou i nāʻena me nā wahi mahi liʻiliʻi. Hiki i nā Birders e haʻalele nei i nā momona a me ka lepo e hiki ai ke hoʻokuʻu i kēia mau manu, a hele mai lākou i nā mea hānai kikoʻo e hāʻawi ana i nāʻano hua aiʻole nā meaʻai . E hōʻole i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā lāʻau pesticides e hiki ke hoʻopau i nā kumuhana kai iʻa o Europa, a noʻonoʻo i ka kanuʻana i nā kumulāʻau e hua mai ana i nā hua no kahi meaʻai kai hoʻoilo.
Hiki i nā lālāʻelua ke lilo i mau pūnaewele puni honua nui no ka mālamaʻana i kēia mau hao i ka pā a puni.
Ka mālama
Ua pālahalahaʻia kēia mau manu aʻaʻole i manaʻoʻia he kūlana hoʻoweliweli paha a iʻole e pōʻino paha, akā e emi ana kekahi poʻe heluna'āina. He mea nui ka mana o ka Pesticide no ka paleʻana i nā robust Pākehā, a he mea nui ka mālamaʻana i ka noho a me ka mālama . Hoʻopau ka mea hahai holoholona a me ka mea pepehi holoholona i nā piliona lehulehu e hele ana ma ke Kai moana moana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e pili ana i kēia mau mea hao waiwai, a he mea nui ka launa pūʻana o ka honua ma ka paleʻana iā lākou.
Nā Manu like
- Iāpana Lūkini ( Luscinia akahige )
- Nalu ( Luscinia megarhynchos )
- ʻAmelika Robin ( Turdus migratorius )